The thyroid gland is a tiny butterfly-shaped gland near the base of the neck. It makes and stores thyroid hormones, which affect nearly every cell in your body. When the thyroid gland receives a signal called thyroid-stimulating hormone, thyroid hormones are released into the bloodstream (TSH). When thyroid hormone levels are low, the pituitary gland, a small gland at the base of your brain, sends this signal. Even when TSH levels are high, the thyroid gland does not always produce thyroid hormones. The most common type of hypothyroidism is primary hypothyroidism. 90% of primary hypothyroidism is caused by Hashimoto's thyroiditis, an autoimmune disease in which your immune system mistakenly attacks your thyroid gland.
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