The thyroid gland is a small butterfly-shaped gland located near the base of the neck. It produces and stores thyroid hormones, which affect almost every cell in your body. Thyroid hormones are released into the bloodstream when the thyroid gland receives a signal called thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). When thyroid hormone levels are low, this signal is sent by the pituitary gland, a small gland located at the base of your brain. Even when there is enough TSH, the thyroid gland does not always release thyroid hormones. Primary hypothyroidism is the most common type of hypothyroidism. Hashimoto's thyroiditis, an autoimmune disease in which your immune system mistakenly attacks your thyroid gland, causes about 90% of primary hypothyroidism.

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